The Phu Pha Kham "Gate of Time" Sakon Nakhon Thailand
A rare coincidence of astronomy and geology ...... A 100% natural cave that is aligned to equinoctial sunrise and sunset on the same day
How the stone gate (cave) was formed
This natural megalithic cave occured during the Early Cretaceous period about 120 - 130 million years ago, located on the Phupan Mountain at +360 m above the sea level in Huay Yang Village Loa Pon Kor Subdistrict, Khok Si Suphan District Sakon Nakhon Province Thailand.
There are two theories
1.The rock-pillar was broken
2. The rock weathering
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November 6, 2025 Dr.Pitaksit Ditbanjong an outstanding geologist from Khon Kaen University made a visiting at the site, after carefully studying he confirmed that the 2nd theory is scientifically possible due to the sedimentation clues during the Early Cretaceous Period 120 - 130 million years ago
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Dr.Pitaksit Ditbanjong (left) and Sansonthi Boonyothayan the author (right) are at the site on November 6, 2025
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Dr.Pitaksith Disabanjong shows his drawing how the gate was formed by the geological process known as "rock weathering"
Location of The Phu Pha Kham "Gate of Time" Khok Si Suphan District Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeast of Thailand
Phu Pha Kham is one of the Phupan mountain ranges
The cave is aligned to equinoctial sunrise and sunset at azimuth 90 and 270
On November 21, 2023 The Civilization Club of Sakon Nakhon went to a location on the Phupan Mountain near Huay Yang Village, Khok Si Supan District to observe the prehistoric paint that is concealed under the sandstone outcrop. After carefully observing, the two gate-like drawings were identified that represent the real megalithic gate located about 1,000 m away.
Mr Sansonthi Boonyothayan president of Civilization Club of Sakon Nakhon (right) and Ajarn Woravit Tongsiri vice-president (left) went to observed the prehistoric drawing that is concealed under the sandstone outcrop
You have to lie down in order to see the prehistoric drawing under the sandstone outcrop
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Two gate-like drawings are identified
Matching the two prehistoric gate-like drawings and the real megalithic sandstone gate, east and west view
The west view looking to the east scenario
The east view looking to the west scenario
Pieces of broken jars from the prehistoric settlement are found near the cave (sandstone gate)
After astronomical checkup with a magnetic compass and smartphone applications, we came to the conclusion that this cave is aligned precisely to the equinoctial phenomena
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A magnetic compass and smarthphone applications are showing the equinoctial alignment of the cave
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GPS confirmed this cave is aligned precisely East - West at Azimuth 90 and Azimuth 270
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The equinoctial sunrise will be here
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The late afternoon sun on November 21, 2023 is one of the clues to calculate the coming equinoctial phenomena on March 21, 2024
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During March 1 to April 8, sunrise and sunset will be visible through this gate
Here comes the equinoctial sunrise and sunset on March 21, 2024 and again on March 21, 2025
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The cave is precisely aligned with due east and due west at an azimuth 90 - 270
The archaeological reserch
Archaeological evidedence confirms Astronomical events
Team of archaeologists from the Fine Art Department found an interesting evidences of the prehistoric recording with 39 markings on the sandstone wall. We thought that these markings may indicate the number of days when the sun is visible passing the gate.
39 prehistoric markings on the sandstone cliff found by the archaeologist
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Official report of the 8th Regional Archaeological Office Kon Khaen Province stated that pieces of prehistoric broken jar were found along with the 39 markings on the sanstone cliff
Drawing shows how the prehistoric ancestors made 39 marking on the sandstone cliff
The prehistoric ancestors must have seen the sun passing through the cave for 39 days, so they made 39 markings on the sandstone cliff
After 26 months of observation (Nov 21, 2023 - March 1, 2026), we came to final conclusion that the prehistoric 39 markings on the sandstone cliff represent the 39 days of sunrise and sunset passing through the cave seen by the ancient ancestors 3,000 years ago
39 days of sunrise and sunset passing through the cave seen by the ancient ancestors 3,000 years ago
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Photos of sunrise and sunset on 1 March
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Photos of sunrise and sunset on 21 March (vernal equinox)
Photos of sunrise and sunset on 8 April
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The prehistoric ancestors were impressed by 39 days of sun passing through the gate
The 39 days of sun passing through the gate are calculated by combined astronomical and geometrical methods
Conclusions
Four outstanding feathers of the natural sandstone cave known as "Gate of Time" on the mountain +360 m. from sea level at Phu Pha Kham Sakon Nakhon Province Thailand
1.This cave was formed by the geological processes with an extremely rare chance of coincidenctal with astronomical phenomena
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2.Among the prehistoric drawings under the sandstone outcrop, there are two pictures of gates that represent the actual existing natural cave
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3.The natural cave is aligned precisely with equinoctial sunrise and sunset on the same day
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4.There are 39 markings on the sandstone cliff that coincided with 39 days of sunrise and sunset passing through the cave seen by the prehistoric ancestors
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